扎鲁特地区无烟煤分子结构特征和模型构建     

张帅  马汝嘉  刘路  张浩  刘钦甫 《煤田地质与勘探》2020,48(1):62-69

为了构建内蒙古扎鲁特地区无烟煤的分子结构模型，采用工业分析、元素分析、核磁共振碳谱、高分辨率透射电镜和X射线光电子能谱等测试方法对该地区无烟煤的分子结构进行研究。结果表明无烟煤分子结构中以芳香碳为主，脂肪碳以短烷基侧链和环烷烃为主。煤分子结构中氧原子主要以酚羟基和醚氧基的形式存在，氮原子主要以吡咯型氮和吡啶型氮的形式存在，硫原子主要的赋存形态是硫醇硫酚。结合由核磁共振碳谱测得的煤结构参数和由高分辨率透射电镜测得的芳香环尺寸和含量，构建了无烟煤大分子平均结构模型。对构建的模型进行了结构优化与能量分析，发现煤分子结构的芳香片层趋于平行排列，非键结势能中的范德华力是保持煤结构稳定的主要因素。本研究为采用分子动力学模拟从分子尺度研究扎鲁特地区无烟煤在石墨化过程中，其芳香碳层的拼叠过程及其反应路径提供了模型基础。   相似文献   

“桑吉”号泄漏物质扩散与漂移数值模拟预测     

杨德周  冯兴如  刘长华  崔煊  尹宝树  许灵静 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(4):707-713

基于ROMS(Regional Ocean Modeling System)模式,对西北太平洋海域进行了水平分辨率高达4km的水动力环境数值模拟,该分辨率可以很好地分辨我国东海陆架环流以及中尺度涡旋等过程,此外模式考虑了8个分潮,模式结果很好地再现了黄、东海陆架环流等。基于模式结果,对"桑吉"号泄漏物质可能的扩散和迁移轨迹进行了数值模拟分析。在"桑吉"号沉船位置的表、底Ekman层内,释放拉格朗日粒子和示踪物来示踪"桑吉"号泄漏物质的可能影响范围。拉格朗日粒子和示踪物模拟结果表明:在未来3个月,"桑吉"号泄漏物质对我国黄海的影响较小,其主要随着对马暖流进入日本海和随着黑潮进入日本九州以南的太平洋海域。随着冬、春的季节转换,三个月后,北风会减弱,减弱风场的试验表明,风场减弱会减少泄漏物质向黄海的输送。5月份后黄海冷水团逐渐形成,由于斜压效应,在黄海深层水中会逐渐建立起气旋式环流,从而进一步阻碍了"桑吉"号泄漏物质向黄海的输送,该气旋式环流有利于"桑吉"号泄漏物质通过对马海峡向日本海的输送,而会抑制底层泄漏物质向我国黄海西侧的输送。  相似文献   

基于高斯烟羽模型的船舶尾气扩散研究     

付金宇  李颖 《海洋通报》2018,(2):235-240

为有效对港区大气污染进行治理、分析船舶尾气,本文详细介绍了一种基于高斯烟羽模型,通过MATLAB模拟仿真模型,其包括实验仿真过程、技术原理及理论模型对船舶尾气扩散进行的研究。该模型是在传统的高斯烟羽模型的基础上,通过对实源像源进行加权选择输入参数;通过矢量合成确定了气体扩散的方向,利用合成后的"风速"进行计算仿真,有效模拟了船舶尾气在港区或者海洋环境中的气体扩散模型。其模型简单且可以有效模拟船舶尾气扩散。并且进一步对后续模型的精确优化进行分析。  相似文献   

水文重力效应改正中一维地下水模拟算法的对比     

贺前钱  孙和平 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(5):529-532

基于一维地下水渗透方程详细推导其有限差分解算过程，引入不同于显式差分的隐式差分和中心差分格式，对比分析不同差分格式对地下水模拟结果及其相应地下水重力效应的影响，并对其中的层间参数取值和非线性方程的线性化问题进行探讨。结果表明，在日本Isawa扇形地区超导台站，不同层间参数加权公式能够引起最大约0.15 μGal的重力效应差异，影响在1.9%以内；不同差分格式和线性化方法组合形式能够引起最大约0.12 μGal的重力效应差异，影响在1.5%以内。  相似文献   

江苏重点海域绿潮漂移扩散数值模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吉会峰  刘吉堂  莫旭冬  高鑫鑫  杨波 《海洋科学》2018,42(5):82-91

江苏海域是绿潮灾害的多发海域,本文利用MIKE3模型建立了江苏辐射沙洲重点海域三维水动力模型,并采用实测资料对模型进行验证和率定;在水动力模型的基础上建立绿潮漂移扩散模型,对江苏海域绿潮漂移路径进行了模拟并与卫星遥感监测的结果进行对比。对比结果表明,模型24 h和48 h模拟结果与卫星遥感图像分析结果较吻合,模型能为江苏海域绿潮的预警预报提供一定参考。  相似文献   

九孔鲍BMP-2基因cDNA克隆及表达分析     

艾加林  栗志民  刘建勇  申玉春 《海洋科学》2018,42(8):107-115

为探究BMP-2基因在九孔鲍(Haliotisdiversicolorsupertexta)中的功能,采用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术从九孔鲍外套膜中获得了BMP-2基因cDNA全长,并用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测了BMP-2基因在各组织和发育时期的表达水平。结果表明:九孔鲍BMP-2基因cDNA全长2572bp,其中5′非编码区(5′UTR)123bp, 3′非编码区(3′UTR)1150bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为1299 bp,编码432个氨基酸,其分子质量为48.59ku,理论等电点(pI)为9.84;具有N端信号肽(1-39 aa)、TGF-β前肽区域(63-294 aa)和TGF-β成熟肽区域(331-432 aa),以及蛋白酶水解位点RLRR (272-275 aa)和7个保守的半胱氨酸残基,符合TGF-β超家族蛋白典型结构特征。系统进化树结果显示九孔鲍BMP-2基因和耳鲍聚为一支。qRT-PCR结果表明BMP-2基因在九孔鲍的6个组织中均有表达,在足、右侧壳肌、外套膜及肝脏中显著高表达;在检测的7个发育时期均表达,其中在受精卵、4细胞、8细胞、原肠胚、稚鲍时期表达量显著高于卵、幼鲍时期。研究表明BMP-2基因可能在九孔鲍贝壳形成中具有重要作用。  相似文献   

Population connectivity of an overexploited coastal fish,Argyrosomus coronus (Sciaenidae), in an ocean-warming hotspot     

R Henriques  WM Potts  CV Santos  WHH Sauer  PW Shaw 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(1):13-24

The West Coast dusky kob Argyrosomus coronus is a commercially exploited fish with a distribution confined to the Angola–Benguela Frontal Zone (ABFZ) of the southeastern Atlantic Ocean. A previous study revealed that during a recent period of local warming the species extended its distribution into Namibian waters, where it hybridised with the resident and congeneric Argyrosomus inodorus. Environmental changes are a major threat to marine biodiversity and when combined with overfishing have the potential to accelerate the decline of species. However, little is known regarding the evolutionary history and population structure of A. coronus across the ABFZ. We investigated genetic diversity, population structure and historical demographic changes using mtDNA control region sequences and genotypes at six nuclear microsatellite loci, from 180 individuals. A single, genetically homogeneous population was indicated across the distributional range of A. coronus (φ_ST = 0.041, F_ST = 0.000, D = 0.000; p > 0.05). These findings imply that the oceanographic features within the ABFZ do not appear to significantly influence population connectivity in A. coronus, which simplifies management of the species. However, reconstruction of the demographic history points to a close link between the evolutionary history of A. coronus and the environmental characteristics of the ABFZ. This outcome suggests the species’ vulnerability to the rapid environmental changes being observed across this region, and highlights a pressing need for transboundary management to mitigate the impacts of climate change in this global hotspot of seawater temperature changes.  相似文献   

中国高尔夫球场时空演变、影响因素和扩散模式     

金万富  何广静  陈乐 《热带地理》2020,40(3):515-524

利用空间分析和数理统计等方法探究了1984—2016年中国高尔夫球场数量时空演变、影响因素和扩散模式。结果表明：1）球场数量变化经历了低速增长期、稳定增长期、加速增长期和紧缩期；2）球场空间分布范围经历了扩张期和收缩期，向北、向西扩散较为明显；3）目前球场主要分布在经济发展水平较高且外向型经济突出的长三角、珠三角和环渤海地区；4）人均GDP、人口规模、区域开放程度、交通优势度、气候类型和土地资源稀缺性与球场空间分布均呈显著正相关，其中交通优势度相关系数最大；5）高尔夫球场空间扩散模式兼具接触性扩散和等级性扩散。  相似文献   

Revisiting the death of geography in the era of Big Data: the friction of distance in cyberspace and real space   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Su Yeon Han  Keith C. Clarke 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2018,11(5):451-469

Many scholars have argued that the importance of geographic proximity in human interactions has been diminished by the use of the Internet, while others disagree with this argument. Studies have noted the distance decay effect in both cyberspace and real space, showing that interactions occur with an inverse relationship between the number of interactions and the distance between the locations of the interactors. However, these studies rarely provide strong evidence to show the influence of distance on interactions in cyberspace, nor do they quantify the differences in the amount of friction of distance between cyberspace and real space. To fill this gap, this study used massive amounts of social media data (Twitter) to compare the influence of distance decay on human interactions between cyberspace and real space in a quantitative manner. To estimate the distance decay effect in both cyberspace and real space, the distance decay function of interactions in each space was modeled. Estimating the distance decay in cyberspace in this study can help predict the degree of information flow across space through social media. Measuring how far ideas can be diffused through social media is useful for users of location-based services, policy advocates, public health officials, and political campaigners.  相似文献   

The Synergism between Methanogens and Methanotrophs and the Nature of their Contributions to the Seasonal Variation of Methane Fluxes in a Wetland: The Case of Dajiuhu Subalpine Peatland     

Luwen WANG  Jiwen GE  Liang FENG  Yaoyao LIU  Yu LI  Jiumei WANG  Xiang XIAO  Zhiqi ZHANG 《大气科学进展》2022,39(8):1375-1385

Wetland ecosystems are the most important natural methane (CH₄) sources, whose fluxes periodically fluctuate. Methanogens (methane producers) and methanotrophs (methane consumers) are considered key factors affecting CH₄ fluxes in wetlands. However, the symbiotic relationship between methanogens and methanotrophs remains unclear. To help close this research gap, we collected and analyzed samples from four soil depths in the Dajiuhu subalpine peatland in January, April, July, and October 2019 and acquired seasonal methane flux data from an eddy covariance (EC) system, and investigated relationships. A phylogenetic molecular ecological networks (pMENs) analysis was used to identify keystone species and the seasonal variations of the co-occurrence patterns of methanogenic and methanotrophic communities. The results indicate that the seasonal variations of the interactions between methanogenic and methanotrophic communities contributed to CH₄ emissions in wetlands. The keystone species discerned by the network analysis also showed their importance in mediating CH₄ fluxes. Methane (CH₄) emissions in wetlands were lowest in spring; during this period, the most complex interactions between microbes were observed, with intense competition among methanogens while methanotrophs demonstrated better cooperation. Reverse patterns manifested themselves in summer when the highest CH₄ flux was observed. Methanoregula formicica was negatively correlated with CH₄ fluxes and occupied the largest ecological niches in the spring network. In contrast, both Methanocella arvoryzae and Methylocystaceae demonstrated positive correlations with CH₄ fluxes and were better adapted to the microbial community in the summer. In addition, soil temperature and nitrogen were regarded as significant environmental factors to CH₄ fluxes. This study was successful in explaining the seasonal patterns and microbial driving mechanisms of CH₄ emissions in wetlands.  相似文献